INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION IN NUCLEAR SAFETY -CONTRIBUTION OF THE NEA/CSNI WORKING GROUP ON HUMAN AND ORGANISATIONAL FACTORS

摘要

The crucial role that human and organizational factors (HOF) plays in the safety performance of high hazard industries, including nuclear has been proven time and again based on the lessons coming out of such high profile events and accidents such as Texas City, Deepwater Horizon, Challenger/Columbia shuttle accidents as well as the Chernobyl and other well known nuclear accidents. Further, nuclear industry accidents and events such as Fukushima Daiichi NPP, Sellafield MOx, Tokai Mura and Davis-Besse have increased awareness of the contribution to nuclear safety performance that is made by a licensee's leadership and the way in which it manages for safety. Within this context, the NEA/CSNI Working Group on Human and Organisational Factors (WGHOF) brings HOF experts together, representing regulators, technical safety organizations, research institutions and industry to discuss and develop common positions on some of the key challenges facing the safety of the nuclear industry in these specialized fields. Realizing that the strength of its influence and ability to advance the fields of knowledge of HOF (which includes safety culture) lies within its ability to be able to bring together the key international voices in the field of HOF, WGHOF has consistently reached out to other organizations such as the IAEA, EC-JRC, WANO in its work. The products of WGHOF from safety reports including best practice guides to technical opinion papers have had a significant impact on both the operational and regulatory approaches in the areas of human and organizational factors within the participating OECD-NEA member and associated member countries. Spanning the topical areas of HOF in new technology, safety culture, leadership and managing for safety, human reliability analysis and organizational performance and capabilities, to name a few, WGHOF has had a very positive influence on harmonizing the thinking and approaches in these technical areas internationally. Consequently, these international collaborative efforts have translated into some important safety improvements in the participating countries. Looking to the future, WGHOF recognizes that with the most recent Japanese accident at Fukushima Daiichi, the international nuclear safety community is once again looking to it to address some of the key human and organizational factors issues (for example, human performance under severe accident conditions over an extended time period, training and validation of training procedures for severe accident situations, and many others) coming out of the lessons learnt from this tragedy. WGHOF is well positioned and well structured to continue to meet these challenges and deliver key products in a timely fashion into the hands of the regulators, technical safety organizations and industry participants.