Biogeophysics—a New Frontier: from Oil Field Microbial Processes to Bioremediation to Search for Life in Extreme Environments

摘要

Geophysical techniques such as seismic,magnetic and electrical techniques have historically played a major role in oil exploration.Their main use has been for delineation basin geometry,structures and hydrocarbon traps and for understanding the subsurface stratigraphy.Their use for investigating oilfield microbial processes has not been fully recognized.Nonetheless,recent investigations suggest that geophysical technologies can measure not simply the subsurface physical and chemical properties of the subsurface,as geophysical methods are conventionally used,but also the detection of microbes,microbial growth,and microbe-mineral interactions.Biogeophysics is a relatively new field in the geosciences which bridges the fields of environmental microbiology,biogeochemistry,geomicrobiology,and geophysics representing a paradigm shift in geophysics.Biogeophysical studies over the last decade have demonstrated the potential of geophysical technologies to (1) probe the presence of microbial cells and biofilms in subsurface geologic media,(2) investigate the interactions between microorganisms and subsurface geologic media,(3) assess biogeochemical transformations and biogeochemical reaction rates,and (4) investigate the alteration of physical properties of subsurface geologic media induced by microorganisms.The unique properties of geophysical datasets (e.g.non-invasive data acquisition,spatially continuous properties retrieved) provide an opportunity to explore petroleum related microbiological processes.This presentation will highlight some of the important advancements in biogeophysics by examining both laboratory and field-scale studies related to microbially-induced changes in physical properties and their potential applications to oil exploration,optimization of microbial enhanced oil recovery,oil spill bioremediation,CO2 sequestration,and the search for life in extreme environments.Important challenges that provide an opportunity for further research in this new field will also be examined.