Generic formulation of performance assessment quanti- ties for stability, compatibility and ageing of energetic materials

摘要

Most energetic materials decompose intrinsically under time-temperature loads. The decomposition can be enhanced by substances coming from the environment, for example as oxygen, water, acids, alkalines and substances containing transition elements. All energetic substances are characterized by an energy content, which is in total or partly released depending on the decomposition situation. For all energetic substances, neat or formulations, one can find limit values of residual energy content, which are necessary to fulfil the intended application of them. One generic aspect of defining assessment quantities relies therefore on the energy content. The absolute energy content or vice versa energy loss is however not general enough. The most general quantity in the discussed context is substance conversion. Very often the same substance conversion can be used for a lot of energetic materials designed for a defined application. For example, gun propellants should not surpass an energy loss defined conversion of 3 to 5 %. Otherwise the target picture is out of design. The basic definition of the three performance aspects stability, compatibility and ageing will be given on a conversion base for several measurement quantities often applied: energy loss, mass loss, gas generation, ft is pointed out that the use of so-named intensive quantities like onset or peak maximum temperatures for assessing compatibility (= inter-component reactivity) or ageing should be avoided when ever possible. They can be only a second choice compared to conversion related quantities. A further important aspect in comparing stability data is their transformation to other lest conditions. This will be discussed and to follow the principle of Thermal Equivalent Load (TEL) is recommended.