Cost effectiveness of the renovation scenarios of the Umuiden breakwaters

摘要

The IJmuiden breakwaters protect the entrance of the port of Umuiden on the west coast of The Netherlands. The first harbour moles were constructed in the period 1867 - 1876, when the North Sea canal - the shipping link between the North Sea and (the port of) Amsterdam -was built. Some 100 years later (in the 1960's) the breakwaters have been extended some further 2 km into the sea (see Figure 1) to accommodate increasing transport and ship sizes.