Combined micro computed tomography and histology study of bone augmentation and distraction osteogenesis

摘要

Bone augmentation is a vital part of surgical interventions of the oral and maxillofacial area including dentalimplantology. Prior to implant placement, sufficient bone volume is needed to reduce the risk of peri-implantitis. Whileaugmentation using harvested autologous bone is still considered as gold standard, many surgeons prefer bone substitutesto reduce operation time and to avoid donor site morbidity. To assess the osteogenic efficacy of commercially availableaugmentation materials we analyzed drill cores extracted before implant insertion. In younger patients, distractionosteogenesis is successfully applied to correct craniofacial deformities through targeted bone formation. To study theinfluence of mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis, human mesenchymal stemcells were injected into the distraction gap of nude rat mandibles immediately after osteotomy. The distraction wasperformed over eleven days to reach a distraction gap of 6 mm. Both the rat mandibles and the drill cores were scannedusing synchrotron radiation-based micro computed tomography. The three-dimensional data were manually registeredand compared with corresponding two-dimensional histological sections to assess bone regeneration and its morphology.The analysis of the rat mandibles indicates that bone formation is enhanced by mesenchymal stem cells injected beforedistraction. The bone substitutes yielded a wide range of bone volume and degree of resorption. The volume fraction ofthe newly formed bone was determined to 34.4% in the computed tomography dataset for the augmentation materialGeistlich Bio-Osssup®/sup. The combination of computed tomography and histology allowed a complementary assessment forboth bone augmentation and distraction osteogenesis.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.