@@ 1.Introduction Azo dyes, characterized by the presence of one or more azo bonds, are one of the most important pollutants which may cause serious hazards to the ecological environment and human health. It is generally believed that the azo bond reduction is the first and also the rate-limiting step in the mineralization of azo dyes during anaerobic-aerobic process. Due to their high polarities and complex structures, many azo dyes, especially for sulphonated azo dyes, are difficult to diffuse through the cell wall to accept the reducing equivalents, which are released during the anaerobic oxidation of organic substrates In order to enhance the equivalents translocation produced by during microbial metabolism, artificial redox compounds are badly needed. But in the continuous dye wastewater treatment system, these redox mediators are easy to be washed out of the bioreactor, and some of exogenous mediators are also poisonous to microbes.
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