Challenges and Opportunities Facing the Preschool Education of China in 'The 12th Five-Year Plan' Period—Innovation Management of Government Based on the Equalization of Public Services

摘要

Preschool education is the basis of primary and secondary education, as well as the fundamental stage of lifelong education. The preschool education, as the integral component of the cause of socialist education, for it has the characteristics of universal benefit and public benefit, is the public service that every school-age child should receive. With the impact of the urban-rural dual structure and the development of market economy and many other negative factors, the past welfare kindergartens set up by the units and collectives, have been closed, paused, amalgamated and shifted in the reform of "Logistics Socialization". The Exposed mismatching of the allocation of preschool education resources and the social needs gradually highlights, which leads to the problem of "Difficult and Expensive for Admission" that is particularly urgent. It has put forward a severe test to the service-oriented government, however, also an opportunity of reshaping the obligation government in the new period. This paper will, according to the currently actual conditions of the development of Chinese preschool education, on the basis of clarifying the necessity of realizing the equalization of preschool education, analyze the challenges of the inequality of public services that preschool education faces: the imbalance of preschool resources supplied in interregional and the urban and rural areas; the unbalanced proportion of preschool education in the whole government investments of education resources; the threshold for admission of public and private kindergartens, the unevenness of levels of education and facilities; the unequal educational opportunities of migrant workers' children , rural left-behind children and the groups of mentally-handicapped special education.Then, the paper will, from the angle of the subject and object of public policies , analyze reasons, and by listing examples, discuss how to take advantage of the multidimensional and multichannel innovation management of government to realize the equalization of preschool education on public services.