This study evaluated the effects of increased automation and voice interface on pilots’ ability to resolve anon-normal flight deck event where automation performed all, some, or none of the checklist tasks. Inaddition, the number of voice messages was varied to inform the pilot of all, some, or none of theautomation’s actions. Subjective workload ratings indicated that pilots’ workload was reduced when theywere able to interact with the automation similarly to how they interact with a copilot, compared toconditions with too much, too little, or no automation. Pilots strongly preferred to have the automationperform tasks, and also to hear the associated voice messages. The results suggest that in order forincreased automation to be an effective aid to the pilot, the appropriate level of automation needs to bedetermined. Pilots showed a clear preference for automation that performed a limited set of tasks andallowed them insight into the automation’s actions.
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