Energy Storage is a Key Smart Grid Element Towards the Power system of the future. Integrating microgrids and supergrids; balancing, control functions allocation

摘要

Various governmental policy initiatives have created a framework for rapid growth influctuating and unpredictable renewable generation such as wind and solar, which in turnrequires adequate flexible means for reducing the effect of intermittency. Additionally,increasing volume of inter-regional power exchanges over the aged transmissioninfrastructure and the introduction of plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles may potentially leadto a stressed and less secure power system operation. These factors have triggered demandfrom the power sector for large-scale energy storage systems.This paper first gives an overview of most relevant energy storage technologies consideredfor utility scale applications (performance, maturity, cost, etc.) and then focuses on variousbattery based energy storage systems. Energy storage systems (ESS) can cover a widespectrum of utility scale applications, ranging from fast power quality applications to energymanagement applications in electric power systems. We provide a comprehensive overviewof different utility scale applications and list most important technical requirements whichhelp to identify the appropriate energy storage technology for a given application.Next, the paper highlights some combinations of technologies and applications with thehighest potential benefits for the owner of the ESS. The analysis shows that frequencyregulation and renewable energy time shift and capacity firming are the applications that mostlikely will be asked for by utilities in the future.Finally, the paper provides an overview of BESS solutions offered by ABB in the widerange between several kilowatts and tens of megawatts.