PROSPECT IN DEVELOPMENT OF HEAVY –LIFT LAUNCH VEHICLE ORBITERS FOR DISTANS SPACE MISSION

摘要

Currently, the issue of development of orbiters for heavy-lift launch vehicles, providing longtimespace flight missions, is very urgent. The development of such orbiters will allow us to makeprogress in realization of manned missions to the Solar System planets, protection of the Earthagainst the collision with asteroids, cleaning of near-Earth space from anthropogenic spacedebris, etc.The ground for a potential possibility to develop orbiters, powered flight time of which is manytimes higher than that of existing spacecraft, is the progress in designing of flight nuclear reactorsas well as drivers using the effects of interaction with environmental magnetic fields. The RussianFederation has started to develop a propulsion system that cardinally stands out for a flightclosed-cycle nuclear reactor, radioactive environmental action of which is eliminated; workingmedium of engines and plume are not radioactive.This report presents versions of technical aspect of orbiters, consisting of propulsion systems(including those having nuclear reactor), electric-ion engines, and drivers that use the effect ofinteraction with environmental magnetic field. Characteristics of new orbiters are compared withthose of the designs that are well known from materials of conferences and scientificpublications.