Measurements of natural radioactivity in an underground hydroelectric power plant

摘要

In underground working places, especially when ventilation is not properly regulated, large amountsof natural radioactivity can be found. This can give rise to potential exposures of non-negligible magnitude.Direct measurements of gamma radiation and radon were carried out during excavation works for theconstruction of an hydroelectric plant in the north of Italy. After the construction of the plant, in order to reduceradon concentrations and to improve ventilation effectiveness, the main entry gate was motorized and automated.Then, in order to find the optimal speed for the fans located in the galleries and in the power plant, radon andairflow velocity were measured. Correlation data between airflow and radon concentrations were found. Anautomatic regulation system has been set up using air velocity detectors and slightly modifying the software forthe control and regulation of the power plant. Measurements must be made in order to identify radon sources andevaluate quantitative contributions as a function of ventilation. Underground hydroelectric plants are providedwith entry galleries as well as secondary galleries from which radon coming out from the soil and the walls canexhale in quantities that depend on the contents of ~(226)Ra in the rocks and in the building materials. Other radonsources are the water coming out from the walls of the galleries and the water in the deep well located at thebottom of the power plant. Geological studies and mathematical models are useful means for the analysis of therelative contributions of the main sources as well as for the prediction of the effects deriving from modificationsof the hydroelectric plant ventilation system or resulting from other important structural changes.