Biomimetic fibre-reinforced composites inspired by branched plant stems

摘要

The manufacturing of nodal elements and/or ramifications with an optimised force flow is one of the major challenges in many areas of fibre-reinforced composite technology. Examples are hubs of wind-power plants, branching points of framework constructions in the building industry, aerospace, ramified vein prostheses in medical technology and the connecting nodes of axel carriers. Addressing this problem requires the adaptation of innovative manufacturing techniques and the implementation of novel mechanically optimised fibre reinforced structures. Consequently, the potential of hierarchically structured plant ramifications as concept generators for innovative, biomimetic branched fibre-reinforced composites was assessed by morphological and biomechanical analyses. Promising biological models were found in monocotyledons with anomalous secondary growth, i.e. Dracaena and Freycinetia, as well as in columnar cacti, such as Oreocereus and Corryocactus. These plants possess ramifications with a pronounced fibre matrix structure and a special hierarchical stem organization, which markedly differ from that of other woody plants by consisting of isolated fibres and/or wood strands running in a partially lignified parenchymatous matrix. The angles of the Y- and T-shaped ramifications in plants resemble those of the branched technical structures. Our preliminary investigations confirm that the ramifications possess mechanical properties that are promising for technical applications, such as a benign fracture behaviour, a good oscillation damping caused by high energy dissipation, and a high potential for lightweight construction. The results demonstrate the high potential for a successful technical transfer and will lead to the development of concepts for producing demonstrators in the lab-bench and pilot plant scales that already incorporate solutions inspired by nature.