As the ecological and environmental problems become increasingly severe, Payments for Environmental Services (PES) has now become an effective means of resolving the issues of natural resource management. Based on considerations of social equity and effect of poverty alleviation in the PES schemes, it becomes the common concern issue for the research on the poor's effect in the research of PES scheme in recent years. This article reviews and analyzes this issue both at home and abroad, and then presents a research framework of the relationship between PES and poverty alleviation in China, including three aspects: the selection process of the poor's participation, the effects of PES scheme on the poor's participation and its research method. In addition, the paper summarizes some issues in the process of study on the relationship between PES and poverty alleviation, which urgently needs improving in China.
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