Adaptive Fuzzy PID Temperature Control System based on Single-chip Computer for the Autoclave

摘要

The autoclave is one of main preparation equipments of crystal preparation by hydrothermal method. The preparation temperature will seriously influence crystals quality and crystals size at high temperature, how to measure and control precisely the autoclave temperature can be of real significance. The characteristic of hysteresis, nonlinearity and difficulty to acquire the precise mathematical model existing in the temperature control of the autoclave was researched. The general PID controller adopted usually in the autoclave temperature control system is hard to improve temperature control performance. Based on the advantages of fuzzy controller that does not depend on the precise mathematical model and the stabilization of PID controller, single-chip computer integrated fuzzy PID control algorithm is adopted, and the temperature system is designed, the foundational working principle was discussed. The control system includes SCM (AT89C52), temperature sensor, A/D converter circuit and corresponding circuit and interface, can make the autoclave temperature measure and control accurately. The system hardware includes main circuit, thyristor drive circuit, audible and visual alarm circuit, watchdog circuit, clock circuit, keyboard and display circuit so on, which can achieve gathering, analyzing, comparing and controlling the autoclave temperature parameter. The program of control system includes the treatment and collection of temperature data, the dynamic display program, the fuzzy PID control system, the audible and visual alarm program, et al, and the system's main software, which includes initialization, key-press processing, input processing, display, and the fuzzy PID control program was analyzed. The results showed that the fuzzy PID control system makes the adjustment time of temperature decreased and the precision of temperature control improved, the quality and the crystals size of the preparation crystals can achieve the expect experiment results.