With the rise of lunar exploration activities by many nations and plans for lunar bases as well as a possible future colonization of the Moon the amount of space systems in lunar orbit will increase. Although the initial explorer missions will use orbits that will eventually lead to an impact on the lunar surface, future missions require the use of stable orbits around the Moon for different space architectures, e.g. for telecommunication and navigation purposes, space transportation systems to Earth and L1, etc. Even though the number of spacecraft around the Moon will be fewer than around Earth, the risk of creating a dense debris environment is given due to the Moon's smaller diameter and the scarce number of stable orbits. These conditions limit the available traffic volume considerably. This paper outlines the possible circumstances leading to a lunar space debris environment, evaluates the risk of a critical debris density and discusses mitigation strategies to avoid such an occurrence.
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