Nanostructures of carbon as a product of poly(vinylidene fluoride) carbonization in porous matrices

摘要

Carbon nanostructures have been synthesized by the carbonization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) in matrices based on fine nonporous silica. The matrix ("precomposite") was prepared by the method of self-assembly of particles in dispersions of hydrophilic fumed silica (particle size ≤ 80 nm) using PVDF solutions as a dispersion medium. The "precomposite" was formed at 50°C using solutions of PVDF in acetone and at room temperature using solutions of PVDF in dimethyl formamide. After drying the "precomposite", the PVDF enclosed in its pores was carbonized at 750°C under argon atmosphere. The size, shape and distribution of carbon particles were determined by electron microscopy. It has been found that size (a few nm to several mm) and shape of the carbon structures obtained depend on solvent properties used for introducing of PVDF into the "precomposite".