Lead/Acid Batteries in HEVs: Opportunities, Limitations, Challenges

摘要

Lead/acid batteries have always been and will remain the predominant battery technology for 14 V systems. They can meet growing demands in modern cars through technology improvements and better system integration, based on a cost-effective battery monitoring system. On the other hand, for full hybrid vehicles so far almost exclusively advanced battery technologies (NiMH, Li-ion) are used. This paper summarizes the battery requirements for the various levels of HEVs. Inherent limitations of the lead/acid electrochemical system are elucidated and contrasted with the HEV-specific demands. Today AGM batteries can meet the demands of micro-hybrid vehicles with limited regenerative braking capability. The paper gives an overview about ongoing activities to develop improved lead/acid technologies that could suit higher-level hybrid electric vehicles.