Socio-technical walkthrough

摘要

Participatory Design (PD) is a diverse collection of principlesand practices aimed at making technologies and social institutionsmore responsive to human needs. The central tenet of PD is thedirect involvement of people in the codesign of the systems theyuse. Originally viewed as an approach to developing computersystems for specific groups of workers, PD has expanded outwards inphilosophical, political and pragmatic ways. It is now part of anemerging movement that blurs theoretical and practical boundariesand integrates work from many disciplines -- in an artful way --all in pursuit of relevance for people around the world shapingtheir own 'networked society.'>The Participatory Design Conferences have been convened everytwo years since 1990. These forums have brought together amultidisciplinary and international group of software developers,researchers, social scientists, designers, activists,practitioners, users, citizens, cultural workers and managers whoadopt distinctively participatory approaches in the development ofinformation and communication artifacts, systems, services andtechnology.>Participatory design approaches have been used in traditionalapplication domains (such as computer systems for business, healthcare and government) and are also relevant in emerging areas suchas web-portal design, e-government services, community networks,enterprise resource planning, public CSCW (computer supportedcooperative work) systems, social administration, communitydevelopment, university/community partnerships, tele-health,political deliberation/mobilization (e-democracy), digital arts anddesign, scholarship and teaching with mediated technologies(e-learning), cultural production and cultural institutions. PD isalso being used in the development of ICT (information andcommunication technology) infrastructures like free software/opensource projects, standards, protocols, new media, policy, broadbandand WiFi (wireless fidelity) networks and the like.>Participatory designers ofICT-applications may learn from, and,hopefully contribute to, work in other fields, such as communityand organizational development, architecture, urban planning,policy development, media, design and art, especially insofar asthese fields increasingly use ICTs. Participatory design approachescan be applied in various social settings such as localcommunities, government agencies, civil society, NGOs, schools anduniversities, companies, trade unions, etc. each with its owndistinctive stakeholder arenas and power relations.>Artful Integration>The overall theme of the 2004 conference, "Artful Integration:Interweaving Media, Materials and Practices" describes a centralreality of participatory design. It recognizes that an essentialingredient in design practice is the working together of multiple,heterogeneous elements. Whereas conventional design approachesemphasize the role of the designer and the creation of singular'things', artful integration calls attention to the collectiveinterweaving ofpeople, artifacts and processes to achievepractical, aesthetic or emancipatory syntheses. With that in mindthe conference organizers inaugurated the "Artful IntegratorsAward" to recognize exemplary work in participatory design.>The award is intended to recognize outstanding achievement inthe area of participatory design of information and communicationstechnologies. The award goes to a group of people who together haveworked out, in an exceptionally creative way, a new and usefulconfiguration of technologies and practices. Where traditionaldesign awards have gone to individual designers or singularobjects, the Artful Integrators Award emphasizes the importance ofcollaborative participation in design, and a view of good design asthe effective alignment of diverse collections of people,activities and artifacts. While no single element of the designmight be particularly extraordinary in itself, the combination ofdesign process and outcome can be.>The Artful Integrators Award 2004 goes to Randy Trigg and theGlobal Fund for Women. Through their ongoing project ofparticipatory design, Randy and his organization have created aninformation and communications infrastructure that exemplifies, inprocess and products, the spirit of the Artful Integration Award.As an accomplished software developer and systems integrator,Randy's collaboration with members of the Fund has resulted in thedesign of a database system for nonprofits that brings togetherfundraising, grant making and human resource management in waysthat accommodate the continually evolving work practices of theorganization. The Global Fund's developing infrastructure weavestogether Randy's longstanding commitment to cooperative designpractices with the Global Fund's commitment to democratic forms ofwealth redistribution. Receiving the Award with Randy is KavitaRamdas, President and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, who willspeak about the Fund's grant making philosophy and participatorypractices.>Research Papers>This Volume collects the research papers presented at PDC2004.They are organized in three broad areas, corresponding to the maintracks within the conference. The first track deals withparticipatory design in various community contexts, reflecting therecent growth of interest in this emerging area. The other two aremore traditional, dealing with methodological considerations andreflections on case experiences respectively. Within the tracks,the papers appear in the order of their presentation at theconference.>A word about the reviewing process for the research papers. Wewere very pleased at the enthusiastic response to the call forpapers. We received 63 papers from people in over a dozencountries. Each paper was double-blind reviewed by at least threereviewers, coordinated through an online system custom built forthis purpose. At a meeting in Toronto the program committeeconsidered all the reviews, and selected 23 papers forpresentation, providing authors with comments reflected in therevised papers you find here.>Other Conference Contributions>A highlight of any conference are the keynote addresses byinvited speakers. At PDC2004 we are proud that three distinguishedscholars are sharing their insights with us: Tone Bratteteig, a PDpioneer and associate professor in the Department of Informatics,University of Oslo, speaks on "Participatory Design in PresentSociety," highlighting the challenges posed by such developments asthe globalization of organizations and work processes. ReinhardKeil-Slawik, a professor of Informatics and Society in the HeinzNixdorf Institute, University of Paderborn., considers fundamentalproduct/process tensions in his talk "Participation in the Age ofDigital Media". The conference closes with Jonathan Barker,professor emeritus of the University of Toronto, speaking on"Fearful Asymmetry: Terror, Power, and the Shape of PopularAction", in which he addresses the contemporary political contextin which PD practitioners will likely need to take heed.>In addition to the research papers and keynote speakers, PDC2004 convenes a diverse collection of other events. These includeshort papers (research works in progress, field experiences /stories from reflective practitioners, tools and techniquesreports), preconference workshops, conference workshops, artifacts,posters, interactive demonstrations, art installations, andtutorials. These are described in Volume II of the proceedings. Inaddition, for the first time, we convene a Doctoral Consortium.Among the various other venues for sharing PD ideas, the papers andrelated conference materials will all be hosted on CPSRs digitallibrary.>Participatory Design (PD) is a diverse collection of principlesand practices aimed at making technologies and social institutionsmore responsive to human needs. The central tenet of PD is thedirect involvement of people in the codesign of the systems theyuse. Originally viewed as an approach to developing computersystems for specific groups of workers, PD has expanded outwards inphilosophical, political and pragmatic ways. It is now part of anemerging movement that blurs theoretical and practical boundariesand integrates work from many disciplines -- in an artful way --all in pursuit of relevance for people around the world shapingtheir own networked society.>The Participatory Design Conferences have been convened everytwo years since 1990. These forums have brought together amultidisciplinary and international group of software developers,researchers, social scientists, designers, activists,practitioners, users, citizens, cultural workers and managers whoadopt distinctively participatory approaches in the development ofinformation and communication artifacts, systems, services andtechnology.>Participatory design approaches have been used in traditionalapplication domains (such as computer systems for business, healthcare and government) and are also relevant in emerging areas suchas web-portal design, e-government services, community networks,enterprise resource planning, public CSCW (computer supportedcooperative work) systems, social administration, communitydevelopment, university/community partnerships, tele-health,political deliberation/mobilization (e-democracy), digital arts anddesign, scholarship and teaching with mediated technologies(e-learning), cultural production and cultural institutions. PD isalso being used in the development of ICT (information andcommunication technology) infrastructures like free software/opensource projects, standards, protocols, new media, policy, broadbandand WiFi (wireless fidelity) networks and the like.>Participatory designers of ICT-applications may learn from, and,hopefully contribute to, work in other fields, such as communityand organizational development, architecture, urban planning,policy development, media, design and art, especially insofar asthese fields increasingly use ICTs. Participatory design approachescan be applied in various social settings such as localcommunities, government agencies, civil society, NGOs, schools anduniversities, companies, trade unions, etc. each with its owndistinctive stakeholder arenas and power relations.>Artful Integration>The overall theme of the 2004 conference, "Artful Integration:Interweaving Media, Materials and Practices" describes a centralreality of participatory design. It recognizes that an essentialingredient in design practice is the working together of multiple,heterogeneous elements. Whereas conventional design approachesemphasize the role of the designer and the creation of singular'things', artful integration calls attention to the collectiveinterweaving of people, artifacts and processes to achievepractical, aesthetic or emancipatory syntheses. With that in mindthe conference organizers inaugurated the "Artful IntegratorsAward" to recognize exemplary work in participatory design.>The award is intended to recognize outstanding achievement inthe area of participatory design of information and communicationstechnologies. The award goes to a group of people who together haveworked out, in an exceptionally creative way, a new and usefulconfiguration of technologies and practices. Where traditionaldesign awards have gone to individual designers or singularobjects, the Artful Integrators Award emphasizes the importance ofcollaborative participation in design, and a view of good design asthe effective alignment of diverse collections of people,activities and artifacts. While no single element of the designmight be particularly extraordinary in itself, the combination ofdesign process and outcome can be.>The Artful Integrators Award 2004 goes to Randy Trigg and theGlobal Fund for Women. Through their ongoing project ofparticipatory design, Randy and his organization have created aninformation and communications infrastructure that exemplifies, inprocess and products, the spirit of the Artful Integration Award.As an accomplished software developer and systems integrator,Randy's collaboration with members of the Fund has resulted in thedesign of a database system for nonprofitsthat brings togetherfundraising, grant making and human resource management in waysthat accommodate the continually evolving work practices of theorganization. The Global Fund's developing infrastructure weavestogether Randy's longstanding commitment to cooperative designpractices with the Global Fund's commitment to democratic forms ofwealth redistribution. Receiving the Award with Randy is KavitaRamdas, President and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, who willspeak about the Fund's grant making philosophy and participatorypractices.>Research Papers>This Volume collects the research papers presented at PDC2004.They are organized in three broad areas, corresponding to the maintracks within the conference. The first track deals withparticipatory design in various community contexts, reflecting therecent growth of interest in this emerging area. The other two aremore traditional, dealing with methodological considerations andreflections on case experiences respectively. Within the tracks,thepapers appear in the order of their presentation at theconference.>A word about the reviewing process for the research papers. Wewere very pleased at the enthusiastic response to the call forpapers. We received 63 papers from people in over a dozencountries. Each paper was double-blind reviewed by at least threereviewers, coordinated through an online system custom built forthis purpose. At a meeting in Toronto the program committeeconsidered all the reviews, and selected 23 papers forpresentation, providing authors with comments reflected in therevised papers you find here.>Other Conference Contributions>A highlight of any conference are the keynote addresses byinvited speakers. At PDC2004 we are proud that three distinguishedscholars are sharing their insights with us: Tone Bratteteig, a PDpioneer and associate professor in the Department of Informatics,University of Oslo, speaks on "Participatory Design in PresentSociety," highlighting the challenges posed by such developments asthe globalization of organizations and work processes. ReinhardKeil-Slawik, a professor of Informatics and Society in the HeinzNixdorf Institute, University of Paderborn., considers fundamentalproduct/process tensions in his talk "Participation in the Age ofDigital Media". The conference closes with Jonathan Barker,professor emeritus of the University of Toronto, speaking on"Fearful Asymmetry: Terror, Power, and the Shape of PopularAction", in which he addresses the contemporary political contextin which PD practitioners will likely need to take heed.>In addition to the research papers and keynote speakers, PDC2004 convenes a diverse collection of other events. These includeshort papers (research works in progress, field experiences /stories from reflective practitioners, tools and techniquesreports), preconference workshops, conference workshops, artifacts,posters, interactive demonstrations, art installations, andtutorials. These are described in Volume II of the proceedings. Inaddition, for the firsttime, we convene a Doctoral Consortium.Among the various other venues for sharing PD ideas, the papers andrelated conference materials will all be hosted on CPSR's 'digitallibrary' (cpsr.org).