The internationalization of operations in Romania by north-east Italian companies is so an increasingly disruptive phenomenon that many commentators point it out as a sort of "unique" in industrial relocation and in the relationships between Western and Eastern European economies. This paper aims to analyze and understand, with regard to such mature industries like footwear and apparel, the why, what and how of the supply chain internationalization of Veneto-based (i.e. the main region in north-east Italy) companies in Romania. The study is based on 9 in-depth case studies of firms involved in relocating production to Romania. The Veneto-Romania case constitutes an example of: a) how robust and resilient existing industrial systems in Western European Economies can be, and b) how firms from emerging economies can be integrated into supply chains with positive outcomes for all the actors.
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