There are numerous examples and cases available of products that are being reused via remanufacturing, or recycling, or combination of reuse activities. Once products have reached the end of their useful life, they may be able to be remanufactured, refurbished or repaired; thus, extending their life. These options can provide significant benefits. In a closed-loop supply chain, companies pull back then-products and either refurbish and resell or reuse them or recycle them into new products. Closed loop systems often require adjustments in product design and procurement practices, as well as reconfiguring the inbound supply chain. We argue that not all closed-loop supply chains for these products are managed the same and present three cases focusing on the characteristics of the environment that influence the design of the production planning and control system. In particular, we focus on identifying the critical characteristics to successfully develop production plans to serve as a foundation for a formal production planning and control system in a closed-loop supply chain where products are reused rather than discarded. Finally, we present a framework for understanding the key dimensions and information requirements for designing a successful production planning system in this environment
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