A wide-angle parabolic approximation equation model is employed for accurate simulation of the directional spreading of irregular waves over a submerged shoal. This model solves all the wave components simultaneously to calculate the root-mean-square wave height with considering energy dissipation due to wave breaking. It is found that the model gives reasonable agreements with experimental data for the cases of non-breaking waves. However, a considerable discrepancy of wave heights is observed behind the shoal between calculation and measurement for the cases of breaking waves. A new mechanism involved in the wave deformation after wave breaking is proposed to explain this discrepancy.
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