The environmental problems arisen from ground vibration and air blast have been faced and discssed frequenctly in various industries such as mining, construction, quarry, pipe line etc. where blasting is unavoidable operation. Structural damage due to ground vibrations creates great socio-economic problems for mine and quarry management as well as for the people residing in its vicinity, therefore in bench blast design, not only the technical and economical aspects, such as block size, uniformity and cost, but also the elimination of environmental problems resulting from ground vibration and air blast should be taken into consideration. With the general trend towards larger blasts in mining and infrastructure excavation, ground vibration and air blast problems and complaints have significantly increased. With increasing environmental constraints on the levels of disturbance induced by blasting operations upon nearby residents, there is an increasing need to be able to design cautious blasting with greater precision, therefore determination of maximum amount of explosive per delay for a certain distance especially in large blasts is of great importance for the elimination of these environmental problems. In another world, prediction of ground vibration components is extremely important for the minimisation of the environmental complaints. Estimating of particle velocity and other components of gorund vibration with reliable approaches will given important facilities to the blasters. although many studies had been carried out to isolate environmental problems induced by blasting in the past, a general reliable formulate has not ben established yet. Due to restrictions on the complexity of ground motion, blasting and test site factors, experimental studies are still necessary for each site to minimise environmental issues.
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