Heat transfer between sunlit ground and fully or partially underground structures is of significant importance in passive architecture and several applications, which incorporate flow of fluids through underground pipes and tunnels. Theoretical studies of heat transfer between underground structures and ground have been confined to steady state and simple geometries, in these cases also substantial amount of numerical computation is necessary. For evaluation of steady state heat transfer between underground structures of arbitrary shape and the ground, thermal and electrical simulation have been used by Sodha, Jayashanker and Sawhney (1990) and Sodha, Sawhney; Singh and Jayashanker (1990) respectively.
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