Effluent phosphorus limits have become comon for pulp and paper activated sludge systems in the US and Canada. Meeting effluent phosphours limits has been a problem for some of these systems. Filamentous and polysaccharide sludge bulking have occurred in systems attempting to meet effluent phosphorus limits, due to too little phosphous for good sludge biology. The required phosphorus for good sludge quality is not a constant, rather is a variable dependetn on a number of factors. This paper discusses the most significant of these factors: system sludge age, system temperture, wastewater composition, treatment system configuration, and wastewater chemistry.
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