Low permeability features are frequently modeled implicitly in MODFLOW-based models, rather than being represented by distinct model layers and cells. The historical application of the implicit approach has been the representation of aquitards as increased vertical resistances between over- and underlying aquifers. More recent applications have represented vertical features, such as slurry walls, as increased resistances between adjoining rows or clumns. This paper evaluates the implications of using the implicit approach in flow models developed as the basis for solute transport analyses.
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