The integration of pattern recognition, artificial intelligence and advanced communication technologies in utility substation IED's (Intelligent Electronic Devices) has opened the door to practical and cost effective automation of power distribution systems. A major driver for the application of these new technologies has bene the research directed toward the detection of high-impedance faults. The commercial products which embody these complex detection functions have already expanded to include most of the protection, control, and monitoring requried at a utility substation. These new Super-IED's enable major utility initiatives, such as power quality management, improved public safety, operation and maintenance productivity, and power system automation.
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