ELECTRIC/HYBRID SUPER CAR DESIGNS USING ULTRACAPACITORS

摘要

Advanced passenger car designs utilizing electric/hybrid drivelines with an engine/generator or fuel cell to generate electricity on-board the vehicle and electrical energy storage (a pulse power unit, such as an ultracapacitor) to load level the engine/generator or fuel cell and to recover energy during vehicle braking are evaluated. All the cars have good acceleration performance (0-96 km/h in 9-10 seconds) and gradeability (96 km/h on a 6% grade). Computer simulation results on the Federal City and Highway driving cycles for the hybrid vehicles show that driveline and vehicle design technology have a large effect on both fuel economy and emissions of the vehicles. The results indicate that using the hybrid/electric drivelines in steel body, engine/generator powered vehicles, fuel economies of 50-70 mpg are achievable and that composite body, fuel cell powered vehicles can have fuel economies of 150-200 mpg gasoline equivalent. Intermediate fuel economies can be achieved using other combinations of vehicle material and driveline technologies. All the cars are projected to have emissions well below the California ULEV emissions standards. The ultracapacitors used in the hybrid drivelines has an energy density of 10 Wh/kg and stored 300-500 Wh of energy. Combined with on-off operation of the engine/generator or fuel cell, the ultracapacitors were maintained within 60-90% of their rated voltage by regenerative braking and on-board electricity generation.