Supervising High Degree Automation in Simulated Air Traffic Control

摘要

Implementing high degree automation in future air trafficcontrol (ATC) systems will be crucial for coping withincreased air traffic demand and maintaining safety. However,issues associated with the passive monitoring role assumed byoperators in these systems continue to be of concern. Passivemonitoring can lead to a range of human operator performanceproblems when overseeing automation. The performance costwhen human operators are placed in a passive monitoring rolehas been conceptualized as the out-of-the-loop (OOTL)performance problem: where adding more automation to asystem makes it less likely that the operator will notice anautomation failure and intervene appropriately (Endsley &Kiris, 1995). The OOTL performance problem has beenattributed to numerous factors including vigilance decrements,fatigue, task disengagement, and poor situation awareness.