Submarine networks are converging on using the same technology as long-haul terrestrial networks. Fueled by global gradual deregulation and the Internet, new service providers are emerging in every continent, particularly in North America, Europe, and Asia, respectively. While incumbents are defining strategies to maintain a strong share in their local business, the large majority of new players intend to operate at a global level. To reach this goal, deploying an optical backbone network that has interconnections with major trunks in each developed continent is fundamental. Although various alternatives can be used to provide global connectivity, the foundation that allows any operator to make the business case relies on optical networking, for both undersea and terrestrial systems.
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