The neutron was discovered by Chadwick in 1932. The first reactor was constructed by the U.S.A. in 1942. After that, the research and development of a reactor advanced. A lot of reactors were constructed in Europe and America in the 1950s. The research, which used the neutron is performed actively and the obtained excellent results in a lot of fields. The penetrating power of neutron and the neutron diffraction method attracted attention and began to be used for the internal stress measurement, too. In Japan, the neutron diffractometer of the residual stress measurement exclusive use was installed in the JRR-3M research reactor of the JAERI in 1992, and research was started. At present, we are using aircraft, railway, automobile, building, machine, home electronics product and so on including the nuclear reactor. Reliable science must be introduced, in order that to be able to perform safety and long life operation and to sell these things at cheap price. That is, completing the manufactured goods, which took in the scientific technique to the experiential technique and were excellent in it will be making manufactured goods in the 21st century. Although there are various methods among the scientific probe methods of the fault, from the distance of crystallographic plane in material, an internal strain distribution is measured, a stress distribution is computed, and the technique of performing an improvement of a process is taken. Only a neutron diffraction method can measure the strain of the inside of material. This time, I introduce about utilization of neutron scattering research in the industrial world while the history of the neutron scattering research in a JAERI.
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