PBDEs in house dust from three cities in China: causes of variability in concentration,distribution and possible human exposure

摘要

Dust samples were collected randomly from seventy-six houses in Guangzhou, Haikou and Wuhan city of South-Central China. The concentrations of ∑9PBDEs (BDE28, 47, 66, 100, 99, 85, 154, 153, 183) and BDE209 were 12.67-639.0 and 537.2-9602 ng/g, respectively for Guangzhou dusts, 6.60-197.0 and 175.1-8249 ng/g for Haikou dusts, and 6.39-455.4 and 270.4-1326 ng/g for Wuhan dusts. No significant correlations between PBDE concentrations in house dust and residential characteristics (such as televisions, computers, and polyurethane foam-containing furnitures, etc.) were observed. BDE209 was the predominant congener, which contributed 97.4%, 96.8% and 89.6%, respectively, to total PBDEs in house dusts from Guanghzhou, Haikou and Wuhan. As to the ∑9PBDEs, BDE47, 99 and 183 were the most abundant congeners. PBDEs in house dusts mainly came from the use of deca-BDE formulations, and penta-BDE was also ubiquitous in the houses investigated, while octa-BDE made a minor contribution as well. Our data of the human exposure to PBDEs via different ways suggested that house dust ingestion would be a significant pathway for human exposure to PBDEs, particularly toddlers.