We have extended a 2D front-tracking simulation of grain growth to treat the effects of particles on the evolution of grain structures. Our results are similar to those obtained in experiments on soap froths with pinning, and also similar to resutls obtained using simulations based on the Potts model. We find that when particels cause grain growth stagnation, the mean stagnant grain size is inversely proportional to approximately the squeare root of the number of particles per area, independent of the particle radius (for small particle radius relative to the average grain size). For a fixed particle radius, this corresponds to a scaling with the inverse of the square root of the particle area fraction, as suggested by simulations based on the Potts model. However, in contrast with resutls from simulations based on the Potts model, we find that the grain size distribution at stagnation is significantly differnet from the 'steady-state' grain size distribution characteristic of the topology of the grains and the stronger pinning in effect in our simulations and in froths.
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