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Christmas Gift Exchange Games

机译:圣诞礼物交换游戏

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The Christmas gift exchange is a popular party game played around Christmas. Each participant brings a Christmas present to the party, and a random ordering of the participants, according to which they will choose gifts, is announced. When a participant's turn comes, she can either open a new gift with unknown value, or steal an already opened gift with known value from someone before her in the ordering; in the second case, the person whose gift was stolen gets to make the same choice. We model the gift exchange as a sequential game of perfect information and characterize its equilibria, showing that each player plays a threshold strategy in the subgame perfect equilibrium of the game. We compute the expected utility of players as a function of the position in the random ordering; the first player's utility is vanishingly small relative to every other player. We then analyze a different version of the game, also played in practice, where the first player is allowed an extra turn after all presents have been opened-we show that all players have equal utility in the equilibrium of this game.
机译:圣诞礼物交换是圣诞节前后流行的派对游戏。每个参与者都将圣诞节礼物带到聚会上,并宣布参与者随机选择的顺序,根据这些顺序,他们将选择礼物。轮到参与者时,她既可以打开价值未知的新礼物,也可以从订购前的某人那里窃取已经价值已知的礼物;在第二种情况下,礼物被偷的人做出了相同的选择。我们将礼物交换建模为一个完美信息的顺序游戏,并刻画了它的均衡性,表明每个玩家在游戏的子游戏完美平衡中都扮演着门槛策略的角色。我们根据随机排序中位置的函数来计算玩家的预期效用;相对于其他所有玩家,第一个玩家的效用几乎消失了。然后,我们分析在实践中也玩过的另一种游戏版本,其中在所有礼物都打开后,允许第一个玩家再转一圈-我们证明了所有玩家在此游戏的平衡中具有相同的效用。

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