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Facts and values, cars and smog: analytical perspectives of stakeholders in air quality and transportation planning in Los Angeles, CA

机译:事实与价值,汽车与烟雾:加利福尼亚州洛杉矶市空气质量与交通规划中利益相关者的分析观点

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摘要

Technical policy decisions can be thought of as resulting from two models: an environmental model and a preference model. The environmental model is a description of the physical and social systems affected by the policy decision. The preference model is a description of the preferences of the decision maker for the outcomes predicted by the environmental model. In many technical policy making processes, the development of the environmental model is delegated to technical experts. In these processes, efforts to involve stakeholders tend to focus on characterizing the stakeholders' preferences for various outcomes. Such efforts fail to recognize that stakeholders differ in their description of the problem as well as in their preferences. This paper presents techniques for characterizing differences in stakeholder's analytical perspectives, for exploring the effect of these differences on the structure and content of environmental models, and for estimating the impact of these differences on policy decisions. By illuminating these relationships, these techniques will contribute to a better understanding of the role of experts and other stakeholders in addressing complex policy issues. The application of these techniques in the context of air pollution and transportation planning in Los Angeles will be discussed.
机译:可以认为技术政策决策是由两个模型得出的:环境模型和偏好模型。环境模型是对受政策决策影响的物理和社会系统的描述。偏好模型是对决策者对环境模型所预测结果的偏好的描述。在许多技术决策过程中,环境模型的开发都委托给技术专家。在这些过程中,让利益相关者参与进来的努力往往集中于表征利益相关者对各种结果的偏好。这种努力未能认识到利益相关者对问题的描述以及偏好的不同。本文介绍了表征利益相关者分析观点差异的技术,探讨了这些差异对环境模型的结构和内容的影响,以及估算了这些差异对政策决策的影响。通过阐明这些关系,这些技术将有助于更好地理解专家和其他利益相关者在解决复杂政策问题中的作用。将讨论这些技术在洛杉矶空气污染和交通运输计划中的应用。

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