Methods of active filter design described by Kerwin (1970), Thomas (1971), and Tow (1971) were used in designing the second-order lead compensation. To compensate for possible high frequency instabilities, a first order Butterworth active lag filter was added to the head compensation. The result was that the electronically compensated esophageal balloon system was flat in magnitude (output/output) vs. frequency from 0 to 30 Hz and the phase shift over this frequency range was linear with frequency.
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