Buoyancy and strength of existing bulk carriers in flooded conditions

摘要

Bulk carriers have been designed with a small margin of safety.The extensive corrosion and very difficult operational conditions cause tht some old bulk carriers have insufficient strength to withstand the heaviest storms.In particular,the insufficient strength concerns the se stuctures and hatch covers and,after flooding ,the correugated bulkheads,double bottom structure and the geenratl strength of the ship.