4D seismic history matching – the reality

摘要

We present data from a number of North Sea projects where 4D seismic observations havernprompted the updating of reservoir models ('4D close the loop'), using a 'hands-on' approach.rnWe demonstrate that the use of the 4D seismic data to prompt model updates usuallyrnimproves production history matches also. Production data and 4D seismic data rarely pull thernmatching process in opposite directions, provided one does not try to over-fit the data.rnAutomated history matching of dynamic reservoir models using production data and/or 4Drnseismic data is becoming a widespread research topic. The hands-on updates presented in thisrnpaper prompt a discussion of what model parameters should be inverted for in automatedrnschemes, and for structurally or stratigraphically complex reservoirs, whether the automatedrnframework is at all appropriate.