Abstract: Er:YAG laser ablation was investigated by fast photography in a Schlieren optic setup. The results support the idea of continuous, thermally driven microexplosion type of ablation, which is based on the inhomogeneous distribution of strong (water) and weak absorbers (hydroxyapatite). Sudden vaporization and heating of the water content leads to a very effective material removal by bursting off the solid tissue components. Material is ejected in the form of particles when the threshold energy density for ablation (about 3 J cm$+$MIN@2$/) is reached. For high radiant exposure, initial plume velocity is in the order of the speed of sound in air. After leaving the tissue surface, particles are heated by the still incoming laser radiation, causing glowing and melting. No surface plasma and only weak pressure waves caused by individual spikes were observed. !14
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机译：摘要：在Schlieren光学装置中通过快速摄影研究了Er：YAG激光消融。结果支持了连续的，热驱动的微爆炸消融的想法，该消融基于强吸收剂（水）和弱吸收剂（羟基磷灰石）的不均匀分布。水分的突然汽化和加热会导致固体组织成分破裂，从而非常有效地去除材料。当达到消融的阈值能量密度（约3 J cm $ + $ MIN @ 2 $ /）时，材料以颗粒形式弹出。对于高辐射暴露，初始羽流速度约为空气中声速的大小。离开组织表面后，仍然被激光辐射加热，从而使粒子发光并融化。没有观察到表面等离子体，仅观察到由单个尖峰引起的弱压力波。 ！14
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