A Review on AI and ES in Soil and Water Conservation of China

摘要

For centuries, mankind has been heavily perplexed by soil and water losses, which has been one of the top ten environmental problems worldwide. The governments all over the world have increasingly paid high attention to the control of soil and water losses, and researches on soil and water losses and their principles have been carried out. Soil and water losses are the integrated outcomes resulted from the interactions of natural, social and economic factors. It is an opening and gigantic system with complexity. Limited by the developing level of sciences, early researches on soil and water conservation were conducted qualitatively. With the development of the technologies of computer science and other modern scientific methods, the researches have stepped into the semi-quantitative and quantitative level. In 1940s quantitative analysis was applied to the researches on soil and water losses in China(Yangqinke et al.,1998).In early 1980s,statistical analysis was used to estimate soil erosion(Mujinze et at., 1983). With the development of quantity campaign, physical patten has been introduced to establish the model of mathematical statistics and mathematics to quantitatively describe the development and principles of variation of soil and water losses. At the end of 1980s, Chinese scholars set out to establish physical prediction models of soil erosion(Cai Qiangguo et al.,1996).However, these models were prevented from further development for lacking real-determined datas and parameters. The rapid development of the technologies of computer science and spatial information have provided new methods to the researches on soil and water conservation. Since 1990s ,the applications of remote satellite image, digital map and geographic information system have considerably improved the ability to solve problems and accelerated the development of the science of soil and water conservation . Metasynthesis, proposed by Qianqicheng, the famous academician of Chinese Science Academy is a kind of synthesis from qualitiveness to quantitiveness for opening and gigantic systems with complexity. It is an important guide for the quantitative researches on soil and water conservation. More and more people are aware of the importance of quantitative studies. And Artificial Intelligent ,especially Expert Systems are considered to be helpful, because they are powerful in dealing with the non-structural problems .