Severe eye injuries to children from accidental paintball impacts motivated astudy to characterize the types and levels of impact-induced ocular trauma.Anatomically-correct models of the human eye and associated tissues wereimplemented into numerical codes CTH and LS-DYNA and simulationresults compared to experiments on porcine (pig) eyes impacted with twotypes of commercially available paintballs. The simulations agreed with thepenetration and gross deformation measured from high speed videos as wellas the types and levels of damage observed in detailed pathologies of thespecimens. Predicted high strains in the ciliary body and zonules wereconsistent with the ubiquitous angular recession and lens displacementobserved in the pathology. Globe rupture was only observed at the highestimpact velocities in agreement with predicted dynamic intraocular pressures.The simulations also revealed that the commonly observed separation of theretina from the choroid may be explained by dynamic pressure-wavereflection from the interior surface of the globe. In both experiments andsimulations, no significant difference in damage potential could be foundbetween less expensive generic paintballs and more expensive match-gradepaintballs.
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