IMPACT OF LIQUEFACTION ON COASTAL STRUCTURES IN THE 1999 KOCAELI, TURKEY EARTHQUAKE

摘要

An inventory is presented of the damage to marine structures caused byliquefaction in the 17.August, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey earthquake. Theinventory includes twenty-four coastal structures. The observationsshow that backfills behind quay walls and sheet-piled structures werealmost invariably liquefied; quay walls and sheet-piled structures weredisplaced seaward; storage tanks near the shoreline were tilted; therewere cases where the seabed settled, and structures settled andcollapsed; the observations also show that the rubble-moundbreakwaters survived the earthquake with very little or no damage.