Toward Greater Understanding of Upstream and Downstream Manufacturing Processes of Automotive Li-ion Batteries

摘要

1. Raw materials used in Li-ion batteries have medium-to-low criticality according to current mining and reserve estimates 2. Consumption of Li, Co, Ni, Mn and Gr in xEV manufacturing still accounts for less than 9% of the total annual productions in 2016, however, these ratios are estimated to increase by 4-5x by 2020 3. Module and pack parts make up about 30% of total LIB pack cost, the majority of cost savings are expected at the cell level.