On the Improvement of the BDF Attack onLSBS-RSA

摘要

An (α,β,γ)-LSBS RSA denotes an RSA system with primes sharing a least significant bits, private exponent d with β least significant bits leaked, and public exponent e with bit-length γ. Steinfeld and Zheng showed that LSBS-RSA with small e is inherently resistant to the BDF attack, but LSBS-RSA with large e is more vulnerable than standard RSA. In this paper, we improve the BDF attack on LSBS-RSA by reducing the cost of exhaustive search for k, where k is the parameter in RSA equation: ed = k · φ(N) + 1. Consequently, the complexity of the BDF attacks on LSBS-RSA can be further reduced. Denote σ as the multiplicity of 2 in k. Our method gives the improvements, which depend on the two cases: 1. In the case γ ≤ min {β, 2α} - σ, the cost of exhaustive search for k in LSBS-RSA can be simplified to searching k in polynomial time. Thus, the complexity of the BDF attack is independent of γ, but it still increases as α increases. 2. In the case γ > min {β, 2α} - σ, the complexity of the BDF attack on LSBS-RSA can be further reduced with increasing α or β. More precisely, we show that an LSBS-RSA is more vulnerable under the BDF attack as max {2α, β} increases proportionally with the size of N. In the last, we point out that although LSBS-RSA benefits the computational efficiency in some applications, one should be more careful in using LSBS-RSA.