Determining Reserve Requirements for Energy Storage to Manage Demand-Supply Imbalance in Power Grids

摘要

Existing or future power grids need energy storage systems to deal with volatility of renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Since the energy storage systems (ESS) are expensive, methods are required to determine minimal sizing for meeting appropriate criteria. Currently available methods tend to focus on micro-grids or individual sites with renewable generators. This work proposes a probabilistic data-driven method to determine the minimum size ESS to satisfy a reliability requirement (loss of load probability, LOLP) for a power grid with a high penetration of renewable sources. The ESS size is specified in terms of both power and energy capacities. The method is related to existing methods on reserve requirements for transmission network planning; it differs from those in the way it estimates the component of demand-supply imbalance that the ESS must provide, and the probabilistic model fitting used to predict requirements to meet LOLP. Application of the method to data from BPA showed a smaller ESS capacity requirement (and thus lower cost) than deterministic methods.