Off- and On-Line Identification of Maps Applied to the Gas Path in Diesel Engines

摘要

Maps or look-up tables are frequently used in engine control systems, and can be of dimension one or higher. Their use is often to describe stationary phenomena such as sensor characteristics or engine performance parameters like volumetric efficiency. Aging can slowly change the behavior, which can be manifested as a bias, and it can be necessary to adapt the maps. Methods for bias compensation and on-line map adaptation using extended Kalman filters are investigated and discussed. Key properties of the approach are ways of handling component aging, varying measurement quality, as well as operating point dependent model quality. Handling covariance growth on locally unobservable modes, which is an inherent property of the map adaptation problem, is also important and this is solved for the Kalman filter. The method is applicable to off-line calibration of maps where the only requirement of the data is that the entire operating region of the system is covered, i.e. no special calibration cycles are required. Two truck engine applications are evaluated, one where a 1-D air mass-flow sensor adaptation map is estimated, and one where a 2-D volumetric efficiency map is adapted, both during a European transient cycle. An evaluation on experimental data shows that the method estimates a map, describing the sensor error, on a measurement sequence not specially designed for adaptation.