The research performed in the last decade at Purdue University on the vertical loadresponse and design of piles (particularly drilled shafts and pipe piles) is reviewed. Bothnumerical and experimental investigations were performed, and values for unit base and shaftresistance normalized with respect to cone resistance are proposed for design. The study takesinto account the loading processes associated with the pile installation, and the correspondingalteration of soil properties that affect the pile response. The normalized unit resistances areprovided for a relative settlement of 10%, which is widely used as a design criterion. A strongdependence of the normalized unit resistances on relative density has been observed and thesuggested values account for the effect. Thus, the proposed normalized unit resistances accountfor the soil state and the loading processes, and can be used in design. Results with respect toIFR and PLR are provided as well, for open-ended piles.
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