Costs,cost-effectiveness and emission reductions of non- CO2greenhouse gases: achievements and expectations for theNetherlands

摘要

In the Netherlands several measures were implemented to reduce the emission of non-CO2 greenhouse (NCG) gases in the period 1990-2003.Without the implementation of these measures emissions of NCG gases in 2003 would have been 11 Mton of CO2-eq.Higher.Roughly 20% of achieved reductions can be attributed to specific Reduction Plan on NCG gases.The net government cost-effectiveness of policies in the field of NCG gases is favourable: almostthe half of the emission reductions can be achieved for less than 5 euro per ton CO2-eq..This paper analyses achieved reductions,investments costs,government costs and costeffectivenessof these measures.These achievements are compared with the expectations on reductions,costs and costs-effectiveness for reduction measures on NCG gases at the time theClimate Change Action Plan (CCAP) was published in 1999.For this comparison we present ananalytical framework to analyse the different factors affecting the implementation of NCG gasesreduction measures.Analysis shows that differences between achievement (ex-post) and expectations(ex-ante) can mainly be explained by lack of data on the costs of reduction measures atthe time the ex-ante evaluation was drawn up.Other differences can mainly be explained bychanges in market circumstances and government policies.