ASTROPHOTOMETRICAL OBSERVATION OF ARTIFICIAL SATELLITES AND STUDY OF THE TECHNICAL STATUS OF PARENTAL BODIES OF SPACE DEBRIS AT GEOSTATIONARY RING

摘要

The amount of faint objects has been observed form a significant portion of all population of a GEO orbit objects. According to statistical observation the magnitudes of those faint objects are in a range from 16 up to 19 (V). These mean that debris have the sizes less than one meter. It is accepted to count, that these debris were formed as a result of explosions and destructions of several space vehicles and means of their mulflucatins or dead such as the Soviet satellites the Ekran 2 and 4 and the last stage American buster Transtage. In the literature some documentary certificates of the explosion and destructions also are resulted. But on the other hand, almost all SC from the list of the objects which are suspected of destruction had observed too enough a long time and in detail and their observably magnitudes does not differ from average magnitudes which we are considered as the intact. They also are registered in a range of the magnitudes from 11 up to 14, which does not allow us speaking about their full destruction. There is one of the basic questions concerning nature small sized debris on GEO. Basically conclusions about destructions and collisions are based on the analysis of the ballistic information. This analysis has its own restrictions. Other in formations does need which has not been connected to measurement of orbits of satellites. In the report we shall show that the photometric information received on these objects is not allowed to draw conclusions on that, these objects in partly or completely destroyed. Thus we in any degree do not call in question about existence small sized faint debris on GEO. The first that we want is to establish their nature and origin. Further it is necessary to remove the contradiction between amount of fragments which observed and on the average by normal photometrical observed behaviors of those space vehicles. In connection with the received results on spacecraft "Ekran 2", that was published early we carried out additional observations of geostationary objects which were considered to be destroyed by different reasons. The objects of observation were chosen from the lists published in the works. We shall try to establish nature of the "faint population" GEO debris with use of methods of precision multi-color astrophotometrical observations of GEO satellites.