Ship-wave induced sediment transport in tidal creeks

摘要

During the summer of 2005, a tidal creek ("Pine Gully") within a few km of the Houston Ship Channel (USA) was totally plugged up with a 200-m long and 1.5-m deep plug of silt and fine sand. The volume of the plug was about 1,800 cubic meters, The seaward end of the plug was about 200 m landward of the creek's inlet. Between November 2005 and January 2006, several hours of measurements of velocity, pressure, and suspended sediment concentration were taken in the creek about half way between the plug and the inlet. Field observations and analysis of these data indicated ship-wave-induced surges of water. These surges caused a net transport of about 0.44 cubic meters per ship of suspended silt and fine sand toward the plug. This transport rate was sufficient to explain the observed rate of accumulation of sediment in the plug over a 5-month period. Cores of the plug indicated that the plug material (fine sand and silt) was consistent throughout, suggesting a single pathway (from the bay). During the period of plug formation, rainfall and creek discharge were relatively low indicating a likely factor for the plugging.