OVERALL POLICIES TO DEAL WITH MULTI-MODAL TRANSPORT EMISSIONS: A SYSTEM-OF-SYSTEMS APPROACH

摘要

The complex and uncertain nature of dealing with multimodalrntransport emissions generates a need forrnappropriate methodology to support informed decisionmaking.rnThis paper presents a System-of-Systems (SoS)rnapproach that takes into account the complexity of arnpolicy problem stemming from the interactions ofrnmultiple actors and technological artifacts. We discussrnsome SoS characteristics such as actor operational andrnmanagerial independency, the hierarchical and horizontalrnnetwork of interdependencies among actors and artifacts,rnthe emergent SoS behavior, and the presence of multiplernsets of solutions for achieving an SoS objective. Wernillustrate such characteristics via the problem of assessingrnthe carbon emission impact of on-demand air servicern(ODAS) and automobiles. Some preliminary results arernpresented regarding the impact of alternative fuels onrncarbon emissions.